Abstract
Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) promote angiogenesis and play an important role in tissue revascularization and wound healing. Yet, the exact stimuli and mechanisms for the mobilization remain understood poorly. Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), which is a structurally unique pleiotropic cytokine, has been suggested to play a role in EPC recruitment and thus was a target of this study. This study included 20 patients who underwent flap operation. Subjects were divided into 3 groups according to the pattern of flap applied. The number of circulating EPCs and serum levels of MIF or CXCL12 were determined at different time intervals. In vitro chemotaxis experiments using Transwell devices were carried out to test whether MIF promotes the chemotactic migration of EPCs. To underscore functionally the chemotactic potential of MIF toward EPCs in flap patients, the chemotactic effects of serum samples from all groups were also examined in the presence and absence of monoclonal anti-macrophage migration inhibitory factor and anti-CXCL12 antibodies on EPC recruitment using in vitro migration chambers. In flap patients, the number of circulating EPCs and serum levels of MIF but not CXCL12 serum levels were increased markedly compared with preoperative levels at day 1 after operation, especially in the group of free microvascular flaps. Serum levels of CXCL12 in the flap patients were increased only significantly compared with the healthy control group. An analysis between EPCs and MIF revealed a significant correlation, whereas no correlation was observed for CXCL12. MIF exerted a dose-dependent, prochemotactic effect on isolated human EPCs, and serum samples from all flap patients promoted EPC migration. Importantly, this effect was blocked partially by anti-macrophage migration inhibitory factor and to a weaker extent by anti-CXCL12 antibodies. We conclude that MIF plays an important role in the mobilization of EPCs, which is dependent on the degree of ischemia. Enhancement by MIF of chemotactic EPCs migration in vitro underpins its proposed in vivo function.
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
