Macronutrient intake of HIV-seropositive women in Mangaung, South Africa

Abstract

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine the macronutrient intake of HIV-positive women living in Mangaung, South Africa. A representative group of 500 premenopausal women (25-34 and 35-44 years) was selected to participate. Macronutrient intake was determined using a Quantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire. Median macronutrient intake of HIV-seropositive and -seronegative women was compared with the Dietary Reference Intakes as applicable. Sixty-one percent of the younger women and 38% of older women were HIV infected. In the younger group, median energy intake of HIV-seropositive women was significantly higher ( P = .049) compared with HIV-seronegative women. In the older group, no significant differences in energy intake were found. Median total protein and carbohydrate intakes of all women exceeded the Dietary Reference Intakes. Fat and cholesterol intakes of all women were high. Polyunsaturated fatty acid intake in young women with HIV was significantly higher ( P = .03) when compared with the HIV-uninfected young women. All women consumed inadequate amounts of fiber. The main focus of intervention should be to improve the quality of food intake. Information regarding the resting energy needs of HIV-seropositive individuals needs further investigation.