Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this work was to determine the macronutrient dynamics in leaves and bunches of black pepper (Piper nigrum) throughout the plant reproductive cycles. The experiment was carried out in a commercial field of 'Bragantina' black pepper. Leaves and bunches were sampled every 21 days for one year, during two crop cycles. The bunches were sampled from the twenty eighth day after the appearance of inflorescences until the complete fruit maturation. Samples of leaves and bunches were dried, and the contents of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, and S were determined. N, K, and Ca were the most common macronutrients found in the bunches and leaves of black pepper. The accumulation of dry matter in the bunches was similar for both cycles and it was adjusted to the linear and quadratic models. The accumulation and content of macronutrients followed the dry matter behavior trend. Macronutrient contents in leaves oscillate during the year, and K and Mg vary more than N, P, Ca, and S. The macronutrient contents in black pepper leaves and bunches depends on the plant vegetative stage, and this variation should be considered in the planning of the fertilization management.
Highlights
IntroductionIts fruit (peppercorn) is a condiment globally used to add flavor and aroma to food and has therapeutic properties
Black pepper [Piper nigrum L. (Piperaceae)] is a perennial plant of Indian origin
Macronutrient contents in leaves oscillate during the year, and K and Mg vary more than N, P, Ca, and S
Summary
Its fruit (peppercorn) is a condiment globally used to add flavor and aroma to food and has therapeutic properties These traits are mainly attributed to piperine, a bioactive component with several different pharmacological activities, such as anticarcinogenic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antibacterial and anti-asthma properties (Butt et al, 2013; Tasleem et al, 2014; Wang et al, 2014; Rehman et al, 2015; Abukawsar et al, 2018). According to the International Pepper Community (2018), the global production of black pepper in 2017 was 488.5 thousand metric tons. In 2017, the Brazilian production was higher than 78 thousand metric tons, and about 47% from this total came from the state of Espírito Santo, making it the largest producer in the country (LSPA, 2017). The higher black pepper yield in Espírito Santo can be attributed to a broader use of technological implements, since approximately 80% of the cultivated area is irrigated (Partelli, 2009)
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