Macronutrient and Micronutrient Intakes, and Dietary Patterns in Adults by Diabetes Status: Results from the 2012 Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey

Abstract

Abstract Objectives To compare the intake of macronutrients, micronutrients, and dietary patterns between Mexican adults with and without diabetes. Methods Design: We calculated the mean intakes and adequacies of energy, macronutrients and micronutrients, and factor analysis was used to identify dietary patterns. We computed sex-specific, age- and energy-adjusted and fully-adjusted linear regression models to test whether nutrient intakes and dietary patterns scores were different by diabetes status. Setting: Mexico Participants: Mexican men (n 1142) and women (n 1620) participating in the Mexican National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Results The energy intake from carbohydrates and added sugars was lower in men and women with diabetes than in men and women without diabetes, but slightly above the recommended among adults with diabetes. Men with diabetes consumed more protein, total, monounsaturated and saturated fatty acids, vitamin D, calcium, and potassium than men without diabetes. The score for the prudent pattern and basic dietary pattern was 0.49 higher and 0.35 lower, respectively, among men with diabetes versus men without diabetes (P < 0.05). Among women, there was no difference in the three dietary patterns (prudent, basic, and industrialized) by diabetes status. Conclusions Mexican adults with diabetes, especially men, had better daily nutrient intake and dietary pattern profiles than adults without diabetes. However, intakes of several nutrients are still inadequate in a large proportion of individuals with diabetes. It is pivotal to assure the dietary recommendations are given considering the potential differences by gender to improve the prevention, management, and control of the diabetes. Funding Sources This secondary data analysis was funded through a research grant from Abbott Nutrition.