Macro-Micro Element Variation in Traditionally Grown Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. subsp. monococcum) and Emmer Wheat (Triticum dicoccon Schrank)

Abstract

Einkorn (Triticum monococcum L. subsp. monococcum and emmer wheat (T. dicoccon (Schrank) Schubl.), disease and insect resistant, macro and microelement rich, and high quality are still grown in Turkey highlands (1000-1400 m). In this study, plant and soil samples were sampled for macro and micro elements and quality where appropriate. Nine traditional einkorn and emmer wheat farms soils were sampled in Bolu, Kastamonu, Karabük, Sinop, and Samsun provinces in the Western Black Sea Region, Turkey. Plants were sampled during July-August 2016. Methods applied according to the literature. Except for crude ash and copper in grains and the total salt and EC in soils, characters significantly differed. Grain wise, Population-4 had the highest P, K, Cu, Fe, and Mn; Kunduru-1149 had the highest 1000-grain weight, crude protein, energy, raw cellulose, and hectolitre; Population-8 had the highest energy, crude oil, carbohydrate, and starch. Soil wise, Population-5 had the highest Cu, Ca, and Mg; Population-8 had the highest N, Fe, and Mn; Population-2 had the highest N and Zn, CaCO₃, active lime, EC, K₂O, organic matter, P₂O₅, and salt. Correlations among grains were highly significant for N-Cu, P-Mn, P-K, carbohydrate-starch, energy-starch, and energy-carbohydrate. Correlations among soil samples were highly significant between Fe-Mn, total N-Mn, CaCO₃-active lime, saturation-salt, organic matter-P₂O, CaCO₃-K₂O, and active lime-K₂O. In conclusion, there was a wide variation in traditionally grown einkorn and emmer grain and soils in the Western Black Sea Region.