Macrofauna edáfica como bioindicadora da qualidade do solo em diferentes sistemas de manejo

Virgínia Oliveira Coelho,Aureo Ribeiro Neto,José Luiz Rodrigues Torres,Sandra Santana de Lima,Arcângelo Loss,Dinamar Márcia da Silva Vieira,Ana Carolina Borella Marfil Anhê

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i6.16118

Abstract

Soil management systems can alter the soil fauna compound by organisms of high sensibility to the agricultural practices, especially those practices that interfere with the soil structure. Thus, this study's objective was to evaluate the diversity of soil macrofauna at different soil depths and management systems. A 4×3 factorial scheme [four soil managements: 1- no-tillage system (NTS) implemented 6 years ago (NTS6), 2- NTS for 17 years (NTS17), 3- conventional planting system (tillage) for 20 years (CTS) and 4- native forest for 20 years (NF20); three soil depths: 0-0.1; 0.1-0.2 and 0.2-0.3 m] was set in a completely randomized design with five replications in an area of the Cerrado biome. The monolith method was used to sample the macrofauna from the litter and soil, where the number of individuals, total richness (TR), Shannon (SI) and Pielou (PI) indexes were quantified. TR values at a depth of 0-0.3 m were higher in the NTS6 and NTS17. The highest densities of individuals and TR occurred in the litter of NTS6. In the NTS17, at 0-0.1 m, the highest TR, SI and PI were recorded among the management systems. The TR, SI, PI values and the analysis of vertical distribution by Cluster, demonstrated that NTS areas are similar to the NF20 at all soil depths evaluated. The NTS areas presented the highest macrofauna indexes compared the CTS.

Highlights

The no-tillage system (NTS) was consolidated as the most sustainable cropping system for the Brazilian Cerrado biome (Savanah-like biome) because it provides positive changes to the soil physical, chemical and biological attributes throughout its developing phases (Silva et al, 2020).The initial NTS phase occurs in the first 5 years of its implementation, comes the transition (5-10 years), consolidation (10-20 years), and maintenance phases
It is important to consider that the response time depends on the attribute evaluated, which may respond in a short time (Mazetto junior et al, 2019)
The total number of individuals counted after identification was 20,307 ind m-2, being 1,245 ind. m-2 collected in the

Summary

Introduction

The initial NTS phase occurs in the first 5 years of its implementation, comes the transition (5-10 years), consolidation (10-20 years), and maintenance (over 20 years) phases At this last stage, soil attributes improvements are more accentuated and quantifiable (Sá et al, 2004). The application of organic residues to the soil surface, plus the remnants of the crop root systems in the subsurface, improve the soil's physical and chemical attributes through modifications in the soil organic matter (SOM) and its distribution in soil compartments (Araujo et al, 2018; Torres et al, 2019). This increment in SOM raises the soil fauna diversity (Ferreira et al, 2019), especially the invertebrate macrofauna and improving soil quality (Lima et al, 2020)

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