Macroelement content in plants after amendment application to cobalt-contaminated soil

Milena Kosiorek,Mirosław Wyszkowski

doi:10.1007/s11368-021-02907-0

Milena Kosiorek, Mirosław Wyszkowski

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1007/s11368-021-02907-0

Copy DOI

Abstract

AimThe study was undertaken to determine the effect of amendments used in remediation of cobalt-contaminated soil on the macroelement content of all organs of spring barley (the main crop) and white mustard (the after-crop).MethodsIn the experiment, six blocks were selected: without amendments; with manure (bovine, granulated); clay; charcoal; zeolite; and with calcium oxide (50%). In each of the blocks, increasing doses of cobalt were applied: 0, 20, 40, 80, 160, and 320 mg kg−1 of soil.ResultsCobalt-contaminated soil and amendments application had a significant effect on macroelement content of all organs of both plants.ConclusionsIn blocks without amendments, 80 mg Co kg−1 contributed the most increase in nitrogen, sodium, and calcium contents of both organs of spring barley. Cobalt-contaminated soil increased content of all macroelements in white mustard organs. Application of amendments to soil had strong impact on phosphorus, sodium, and calcium contents of organs of both plant species, compared to the control block (without amendments). Among the amendments, manure had the greatest effect on the content of macroelements in plants. Manure increased phosphorus, potassium, and sodium contents of all organs of both plants. The optimal content of macroelements is extremely important for the growth and development of plants, especially on soils contaminated with trace elements, including cobalt.

Highlights

The dry matter of plants contains both essential and unnecessary minerals as well as minerals with yet-unknown modes of operation (Stanisławska-Glubiak and Korzeniowska 2007)
In blocks without amendments, 80 mg Co kg−1 contributed the most increase in nitrogen, sodium, and calcium contents of both organs of spring barley
The optimal content of macroelements is extremely important for the growth and development of plants, especially on soils contaminated with trace elements, including cobalt

Summary

Introduction

The dry matter of plants contains both essential and unnecessary minerals as well as minerals with yet-unknown modes of operation (Stanisławska-Glubiak and Korzeniowska 2007). With great cobalt accumulation in the soil, the pH value can decrease, which results in more intense uptake by plants (Gál et al 2008; Kosiorek and Wyszkowski 2016) It has an adverse effect on the microbiological and biochemical activity of soils (Zaborowska et al 2016). One of the ways to reduce the content of this metal in the soil and to restore balance in the environment through, inter alia, increasing the availability of other elements with great potential significance, is phytoremediation treatments (Pszczółkowski et al 2012) These treatments often involve the use of energy plants which are not used to produce food (Grzesik and Romanowska-Duda 2009) and, inter alia, various varieties of mustard which belong to the group of plants known as hyperaccumulators (Baker et al 1994). A significant role is attributed to operations associated with the use of a variety of soil-applied amendments improving the physico-chemical properties of soils, which have an effect on increases in metals availability for plants (Kwiatkowska and Maciejewska 2008)

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion