Macroeconomic effectiveness of non‐standard monetary policy and early exit. A model‐based evaluation

Abstract

AbstractThis paper evaluates the macroeconomic effects of the Eurosystem's expanded asset purchase programme (APP) under alternative assumptions about (i) unwinding the asset positions accumulated under the APP and (ii) current and future paths of the policy rate (forward guidance). To this purpose, we simulate a New Keynesian model of the euro area (EA). Our results are as follows. First, if the monetary authority brings forward the unwinding of its long‐term sovereign bond holdings, the stimulus from the APP on inflation and economic activity is correspondingly reduced. Second, if the monetary authority communicates that the policy rate will be held constant for 1 year instead of 2, the APP would be less effective and the increase in inflation would be halved. Third, an early exit from bond holding subdues the impact of the APP, delaying the normalization of monetary policy conditions after a negative EA‐wide demand shock.