Macroeconomic Determinants of Gender Inequality Index in Eight ASEAN Countries

Joko Sangaji,Miyasto Miyasto,Akhmad Syakir Kurnia,Hadiyanto Hadiyanto,Maryono Maryono,Budi Warsito

doi:10.1051/e3sconf/20187311002

Joko Sangaji, Miyasto Miyasto + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20187311002

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Abstract

Gender inequality is a situation where women and men are not equal and it leads to an unequal treatment or an individual perception as a whole. Gender inequality is still a major obstacle to human development. It will have a negative impact on the development of their ability and freedom of choice. This study is aimed to examine macroeconomic determinants, namely gross domestic product per capita, trade and foreign direct investment to gender inequality index in eight ASEAN countries. They are Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, Singapore, Thailand, and Vietnam. The research was taken from 2010 to 2015 by using the dynamic panel data. The results concluded that all independent variables were significant and had a negative direction. It means that the increase in gross domestic product per capita, trade, and foreign direct investment substantially lowered the gender inequality index in eight ASEAN countries. These results emphasize the importance of continuously improving all macroeconomic determinants because they will impact the decline of gender inequality in eight ASEAN countries.

Highlights

Gender inequality remains a challenge for every country in the midst of ever-increasing economic development
Rachel and Petrongolo examine the role of the service sector to narrow the gender gap in the United States[1]
The following research results are examining if economic growth, trade, and foreign direct investment affect gender inequality

Summary

Introduction

Gender inequality remains a challenge for every country in the midst of ever-increasing economic development. The government of each country, continues to work to reduce gender inequalities with varying outcomes. The realization of gender inequality is generally in the areas of education, wages, health, and others. If this continuously occurs, this will result in the decline of human development. Rachel and Petrongolo examine the role of the service sector to narrow the gender gap in the United States[1]. The variables which are studied are market work, wages, and time use. The results show that the increase in the services sector contributed 44 percent to the increase in the female market hours and 11 percent to the decline of men

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