Abstract
Macrocyclic diterpenoids produced by plants of the Euphorbiaceae family are of considerable interest due to their high structural diversity; and their therapeutically relevant biological properties. Over the last decade many studies have reported the ability of macrocyclic diterpenoids to inhibit in cellulo the cytopathic effect induced by the chikungunya virus. This review; which covers the years 2011 to 2019; lists all macrocyclic diterpenoids that have been evaluated for their ability to inhibit viral replication. The structure–activity relationships and the probable involvement of protein kinase C in their mechanism of action are also detailed.
Highlights
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus causing an infectious disease characterized by fever, arthralgia and, sometimes, a maculopapular rash [1]
This review focuses on the anti-CHIKV activity of about 80 naturally occurring macrocyclic diterpenoids isolated from plant species belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family from 2011 to 2019, along with about 30 commercially available natural diterpenoids
These results were quite surprising given the fact that CHIKV and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) belong to two different virus genera, Alphavirus and Lentivirus, respectively, Recently, it has been shown that HIV-1 and HIV-2 inhibitory effects of phorbols esters were but most probably can be explained through a common PKC-based mechanism of action
Summary
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus causing an infectious disease characterized by fever, arthralgia and, sometimes, a maculopapular rash [1]. Plant species of the Euphorbiaceae family are known to produce a vast array of macrocyclic diterpenoids They possess various types of carbon skeletons (e.g., jatrophane, lathyrane, myrsinane, ingenane, tigliane, daphnane etc.), many of which are unique to this large plant family [3,4]. This review focuses on the anti-CHIKV activity of about 80 naturally occurring macrocyclic diterpenoids isolated from plant species belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family from 2011 to 2019, along with about 30 commercially available natural diterpenoids. These compounds, which have been classified according to their chemical features into 14 skeletal types have all been evaluated using the methodology described by Bourjot et al [21]. The mechanism of action of the most promising compounds that involve PKCs is discussed, highlighting the close analogy with their anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) activities
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