Abstract
The аim of research – to study the histological structure of the heart of a white rat in healthfor a comparative analysis of possible changes during further experimental interventions.Material and methods. The material for the study was heart biopsies of male rats witha body weight of 200±30 g. For the production of histological preparations, heart sampleswere taken randomly from different parts at least of 5 fragments. The thickness of samplesfor histological preparations was no more than 4 mm. For morphometry, the sectionswere stained with hematoxylin- eosin, azan and fuxilin and picrofuxin.The results. Myocardial muscle fibers are formed by mono- and binucleate cells ofrectangular shape in cross- section, which contact with each other in the form of chainsand provide a contractile function. The myocardium of the ventricles is three- layered:it has superficial, middle and deep layers. The fibers of the superficial layer are locatedlongitudinally. Bundles of the middle layer envelop each ventricle separately. Themuscle bundles of the inner layer form the trabeculae of the ventricles of the heart. Theatrial myocardium consists of two muscle layers – superficial and deep. The superficiallayer is made of oblique- circular muscle bundles that continuously cover the two atria.The deep layer is made of longitudinal muscle bundles, and is separate for each atrium.Conclusions. The histological structure of the white rat’s heart in health has beenspecified, as a basis for a comparative analysis of possible changes during experimentalinterventions, accompanied by morphofunctional changes of the myocardium.
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