Machines for Life

Abstract

This article provides details of various smart prosthetics that have been developed in last few years. Behind smart prosthetics are many technologies powering consumer products-faster microprocessors, more powerful batteries, wireless technology and new control systems that use the body’s nerves and muscles. A new bionic hand enables users to move the thumb and index finger independently of the remaining three fingers, a significant advance in dexterity over prior claw-like mechanisms. The bionic ear transmits sound and power wirelessly to electrodes implanted deep in the ear, allowing the deaf to hear. The Rheo Knee uses force and position sensors that monitor speed and load more than 1000 times per second. This information goes to an artificial intelligence program that emulates the feedback a natural knee would receive from the body’s central nervous system. However, researchers believe that despite outstanding progress, the future holds more challenges; a second looming issue involves sensory input. At Brown University, neuroscience professor John Donaghue has teamed with Peckham to develop ways to activate nerves from within the brain itself. Their goal is to develop within five years a brain-controlled system that will let a tetraplegic take a glass of water, lift it, and bring it to his or her mouth.