Machine tool setup instructions in the smart factory using augmented reality: a system construction perspective

Abstract

The concept of smart factory includes collection and distribution of information in real time to help human operators in their work. Machine setup instructions are notable examples of such information. This paper advocates the use of augmented reality (AR) to present such information addressing in an intuitive manner the demonstration of setup tasks on the variety of machine tools that are available in a factory and for the multitude of parts that are produced. Turning and machining centres are used as typical machine tools, for which setup instruction applications were created on a widely used computer game development platform enhanced by standard AR functionality based on target markers present on the scene. This AR demonstrator has been primarily created as a proof of concept that highlights the feasibility of such low-cost, efficient and user friendly AR applications of industrial guidance and training. The emphasis of the work is on technical aspects of AR application development, which is lacking in literature. In particular, interfacing of distance sensors that impart intelligence, scenario structuring in terms of states and state threads, as well as techniques ensuring expansibility, flexibility and ease of authoring of such applications are demonstrated.