Machine-learning reprogrammable metasurface imager

Fast control and data acquisition in the neutral beam test facility

We investigated the feasibility of fast data acquisition in heavy ion CT (IonCT) technique with an X-ray intensifying screen-charged coupled device (CCD) camera system. This technique is based on measuring the residual range distribution of heavy ions after passing through an object. We took a large number of images with a CCD camera for one projection by changing the range shifter (RS) thickness to obtain a characteristic curve similar to a Bragg curve and then to estimate the relative residual range. We used a high quality Electron Multiplying CCD (EMCCD) camera, which drastically reduced data acquisition time. We also used a parallel-plate ionization chamber upstream of an object to monitor the time variation in heavy ion beam intensity from a synchrotron accelerator and to perform beam intensity correction for all EMCCD images. Experiments were conducted using a broad beam of <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">12</sup> C, which was generated by spreading out the pencil beam accelerated up to 400 MeV/u by the Heavy Ion Medical Accelerator, in Chiba (HIMAC) at the National Institute of Radiological Sciences, with a scatterer. We demonstrated that a fast CT data acquisition, 14 min for 256 projections, is possible for an electron density phantom, consisting of six rods with a relative electron density resolution of 0.017, using the proposed technique with HIMAC.

MARTe2 and MDSplus integration for a comprehensive fast control and data acquisition system

Our goal in this program is to develop Fast Access Data Acquisition System (FADAS) by combining the flexibility of Multilink's GaAs and InP electronics and electro-optics with an extremely high data rate for the efficient handling and transfer of collider experimental data. This novel solution is based on Multilink's and Los Alamos National Laboratory's (LANL) unique components and technologies for extremely fast data transfer, storage, and processing.

A compact gamma-camera has been constructed using a 3-mm-thick single NaI(Tl) crystal viewed by a 5-in-diameter Hamamatsu position-sensitive photomultiplier tube (R3292). In order to use this system in applications where the counting rate is high, such as in dynamic scintigraphy and industrial nondestructive testing, a fast data acquisition and processing system is very important. The design and operation of two fast data collection and processing systems capable of handling events within 30 mu s are presented. One of the systems is based on the use of a commercial Vector 32C/8500 processor board, while the other makes use of multiple T805 transputers. A comparison of the two systems is presented. >

High-resolution through-the-wall radar imaging (TWRI) systems can provide a high degree of situational awareness in urban sensing applications. However, such systems generate huge amounts of data, owing to the use of wideband signals and large arrays to achieve high resolutions in range and crossrange. This makes both data acquisition and processing challenging. In this paper, we present fast data acquisition and processing schemes for TWRI. We use compressive sensing and novel concepts of microwave tomography to establish a reduced-redundancy spatial and frequency measurement configuration, which provides clear advantages in terms of measurement time and algorithm complexity. Performance validation of the proposed strategy is provided using laboratory experiments.

In archaeological sites there are often several levels of ruins when the site has been constructed upon other ancient or prehistorical sites. It is very important for the archaeological research to map and monitor each step of the excavation. The traditional way for mapping of excavation is time consuming. Digital photogrammetry enables instead fast acquisition and processing of the data. Continuous excavation reveals different levels of findings coming from different chronological periods, images have to be acquired before findings from each level are removed and excavation continues. Therefore, the storage of data and processing time increases due to the number of images acquired from the excavation site. Apart from that, the images are acquired from amateurs, with less experience in acquisition techniques. A method has therefore been developed to transform many individual images into larger virtual images which can be considered of being of a normal central projection. Images can be combined under the assumption that the accuracy is sufficient for archaeological documentation. For the generation of each undistorted virtual image the Brown distortion model has been used. The model gives the corrections from the distorted to the undistorted image, therefore the invert transformation has to be calculated through an iterative approach, using the non-linear set of Brown equations. For the generation of the virtual images 2 strips were used, each consisting of 3-4 images with 70-80% overlap. The strips form two virtual images with sufficient overlap to extract a DSM. The images had to be enhanced and be radiometrical ly balanced. In this way more features can be extracted and mapped, even small structures that are covered with dust or lie in shadowed or overexposed areas. Methods are presented to reduce noise, enhance edges and contrast. They are essential for higher image quality and further processing. Results from automatic DSM generation using virtual images are presented, using a new multi-pass adaptive matching algorithm. The algorithm uses features as primitives. Through a multi-pass technique at each extracted feature and computed quality measures, a more robust quality control ensures higher reliability of the final result. A comparison of automatic DSM generation from the separate models of raw images and the two virtual images is done. All results are compared with a manual extracted DSM and presented.

We report an improved experimental scheme for two-dimensional electronic spectroscopy (2D-ES) based solely on conventional optical components and fast data acquisition. This is accomplished by working with two choppers synchronized to a 10 kHz repetition rate amplified laser system. We demonstrate how scattering and pump-probe contributions can be removed during 2D measurements and how the pump probe and local oscillator spectra can be generated and saved simultaneously with each population time measurement. As an example the 2D-ES spectra for cresyl violet were obtained. The resulting 2D spectra show a significant oscillating signal during population evolution time which can be assigned to an intramolecular vibrational mode.

Echocardiography is a key assessment tool for the evaluation of cardiac structure and function. The ability to image cardiac structures using 3-dimensional (3D) echocardiography is evolving. In this article, we present some of the key features of the emerging 3D technology and review its applications with an emphasis on real-time 3D transesophageal echocardiography.

In order to provide fast, convenient and flexible data acquisition, we have assembled a system using a CAMAC interface, a single general purpose data program for all channels in the MBD Branch Driver, and multiple VAX subprocesses to acquire, sort, and store data. Our use of the VAX subprocess capacity eliminates the need for a monitor program, allows easy reconfiguration of user software, and provides a simple means of having a modular general data acquisition software package. The subprocess structure is in keeping with our design goals of a modular system. The general purpose MBD program facilitates easy use by experimenters without a detailed knowledge of the MBD or CAMAC interface, while allowing them control of and access to the CAMAC hardware. The dual buffer system allows parallel sorting and data transfers. The use of the system service hybernation and time-demand priority provides for uninterrupted data flow while allowing offline users 50-90% of the CPU time. The use of DAP information files allows the user to change the hardware with relative ease. The system has been used for a number of initial experiments with a minimum amount of trouble. Our expectations of system performance, flexibility, and ease of programming change appear to be meet in these experiments.

Data Collection and Processing Instrumentation for Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry and Ion Mobility Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry

The development of a fast, modular and distributed data acquisition system for a large number of parallel channels is based on the design of a building block which will be presented in this paper. The small format of this unit (3/spl times/4), achieved through the use of surface mount components, makes it a powerful and versatile plug-in board for the realization of numerous RlSC embedded, data acquisition system functions. Some examples of applications are the SCSI interface for a protein crystallography detector, and the acquisition board, crate controller and CAMAC optical link interface boards. The board consists of an IDT R3081, up to 2 MB static RAM, up to 1 MB of EPROM, 2 serial ports, a 16-bit timer and all the necessary glue logic implemented in an AMD MACH231. One feature that makes this module suitable for data acquisition applications is the fast 32-bit external bus interface. It allows the implementation of fast data transfers, histogramming and LUTs. On-board address decoding provides up to four external chip select lines. Support for quad-reads is included, which result in up to 64 MB/s data transfers on the external bus (128 MB/s for SRAM access). Four synchronized interrupt inputs and a large instruction cache also makes the board suitable for fast demanding real time applications.

The RFX centralized control, data acquisition and machine protection systems

The structure of a multilevel process control system (MPCS) with the organization of data exchange via a multiport memory based on a modular principle has been developed in this work. The use of a modular principle enables to effectively organize enhancement and modification of a system designed. The structure of the multilevel system for process control includes three levels: data acquisition and control actuators; supervisory level and process control; operator control and decision-making. The key feature of each MPCS level is its hardware and software components along with the problems to be solved by them. Firstly, the level of data acquisition and control actuators enables performing such functions as data acquisition, data accumulation from the sensors and data processing. This level employs hardware and software tools based on the microcontrollers of STM8 family. Secondly, the supervisory level and process control exhibits data acquisition, accumulation process control data, online data processing, forecasting of a behavior of processes and controlled objects. Data processing of this level reduces the volume of data that have to be transferred to the upper level and thereby lowers bandwidth requirements of communication channels. The hardware and software tools of this level must work in real time. Thirdly, at the level of operator control and decision-making the following tasks are performed: data acquisition, data storage and data processing; processing of video streams, recognition of images and scenes in vision systems; decision-making; synchronization of universal time in a distributed system; synchronization of operation of the distributed subsystems; visualization and representation of the implementation process. In addition, this level contains a SCADA system, the main function of which is to create an operator interface and collect data on process control. As a result of the research requirements for exchanging and storing data were formed, the structure of the device to store and exchange data was designed and multi-port memory controller was synthesized. The method of conflict-free parallel data exchange using multi-port memory was improved by matching the intensity of access to data with the intensity of data flow, which allows determining the necessary performance of the random access memory.

Modern surveying is increasingly focused on fast data acquisition and processing using lightweight, low-cost equipment, particularly for the continuous monitoring of structures and infrastructures. This study investigates the use of LiDAR and RGB sensors embedded in Apple and Android smartphones, paired with an innovative device, the viDoc RTK Rover, for centimeter-level surveying. Three case studies were selected, each characterized by different materials, functional uses, and environmental contexts. The methodology centers on evaluating final accuracy during both the data acquisition and processing phases. Coordinates of target points were obtained directly via the viDoc device and indirectly through dense point clouds. Validation was conducted using a geodetic GNSS receiver. Results demonstrate that, in most cases, the system achieves accuracy comparable to traditional surveying methods. The findings confirm that these emerging tools offer a reliable and efficient solution for rapid 3D surveys with centimeter-level accuracy.