Abstract
The ongoing COVID-19 global pandemic is touching every facet of human lives (e.g., public health, education, economy, transportation, and the environment). This novel pandemic and non-pharmaceutical interventions of lockdown and confinement implemented citywide, regionally or nationally are affecting virus transmission, people’s travel patterns, and air quality. Many studies have been conducted to predict the diffusion of the COVID-19 disease, assess the impacts of the pandemic on human mobility and on air quality, and assess the impacts of lockdown measures on viral spread with a range of Machine Learning (ML) techniques. This literature review aims to analyze the results from past research to understand the interactions among the COVID-19 pandemic, lockdown measures, human mobility, and air quality. The critical review of prior studies indicates that urban form, people’s socioeconomic and physical conditions, social cohesion, and social distancing measures significantly affect human mobility and COVID-19 viral transmission. During the COVID-19 pandemic, many people are inclined to use private transportation for necessary travel to mitigate coronavirus-related health problems. This review study also noticed that COVID-19 related lockdown measures significantly improve air quality by reducing the concentration of air pollutants, which in turn improves the COVID-19 situation by reducing respiratory-related sickness and deaths. It is argued that ML is a powerful, effective, and robust analytic paradigm to handle complex and wicked problems such as a global pandemic. This study also explores the spatio-temporal aspects of lockdown and confinement measures on coronavirus diffusion, human mobility, and air quality. Additionally, we discuss policy implications, which will be helpful for policy makers to take prompt actions to moderate the severity of the pandemic and improve urban environments by adopting data-driven analytic methods.
Highlights
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic and public health crisis that was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 [1]–[5]
This study aims to summarize the results from selected studies conducted recently using Machine Learning (ML) techniques to portray the interplay between the COVID-19 pandemic, human mobility, and air quality
Identifying data sources and ML approaches that have been used in the previous studies and could be used by these researchers to estimate the impacts of COVID-19 on mobility reduction and on improving air quality in urban and rural areas;
Summary
The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an ongoing global pandemic and public health crisis that was first reported in Wuhan, China, in December 2019 [1]–[5]. The salient contributions of this paper are five-fold: Identifying data sources and ML approaches that have been used in the previous studies and could be used by these researchers to estimate the impacts of COVID-19 on mobility reduction and on improving air quality in urban and rural areas; Developing a conceptual framework to clearly articulate the complex relationships among COVID-19 reported cases (and deaths), lockdown and confinement measures, human mobility patterns, and factors of air quality;. A few studies investigating the spatio-temporal aspects of the COVID-19 pandemic, human mobility, lockdown policies, and air quality have been included in this review to comprehend a complete scenario of how this public health crisis is influencing human being, economy, and environment over time in different geographical context.
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