Machine Learning Framework for RF-Based Drone Detection and Identification System

Abstract

The emergence of drones has added a new dimension to privacy and security issues. There are little or no strict regulations on the people that can purchase or own a drone. For this reason, people can take advantage of these aircraft to intrude into restricted or private areas. A drone detection and identification (DDI) system is one of the ways of detecting and identifying the presence of a drone in an area. DDI systems can employ different sensing techniques such as radio frequency (RF) signals, video, sounds, and thermal imaging for detecting an intruding drone. In this work, we propose a machine learning RF-based DDI system that uses low band RF signals from drone-to-flight controller communication. We develop three machine learning models using the XGBoost algorithm to detect and identify the presence of a drone, the type of the drone, and the operational mode of drones. For these three XGBoost models, we evaluated the models using 10-fold cross validation and we achieve average accuracy of 99.96%, 90.73%, and 70.09% respectively.