Machine learning for sustainable reutilization of waste materials as energy sources – a comprehensive review

Abstract

ABSTRACT This work reviews Machine Learning applications in the sustainable utilization of waste materials as energy source so that analysis of the past works exposed the lack of reviewing study. To solve it, the origin of waste biomass raw materials is explained, and the application of Machine Learning in this section is scrutinized. After analysis of numerous papers, it is concluded that Machine Learning and Deep Learning are widely utilized in waste biomass production areas to enhance the quality and quantity of production, improve the predictions, diminish the losses, as well as increase storage and transformation conditions. The positive effects and application with the utilized algorithms and other effective information are collected in this work for the first time. According to the statistical analysis, in 20% out of the studies conducted about the application of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in waste biomass raw materials, Artificial Neural Network (ANN) algorithm has been applied. Afterward, the Super Vector Machine (SVM) and Random Forest (RF) are the second and third most-utilized algorithms applied in 15% and 14% of studies. Meanwhile, 27% of studies focused on the applications of Machine Learning and Deep Learning in the Forest wastes.