Abstract
(1) Background: The use of smart devices to better manage diabetes has increased significantly in recent years. These technologies have been introduced in order to make life easier for patients with diabetes by allowing better control of the stability of blood sugar levels and anticipating the occurrence of dangerous events (hypo/hyperglycemia), etc. That being said, the main objectives of the self-management of diabetes is to improve the lifestyle and life quality of patients with diabetes; (2) Methods: We performed a systematic review based on articles that focus on the use of smart devices for the monitoring and better management of diabetes. The search was focused on keywords related to the topic, such as “Diabetes”, “Technology”, “Self-management”, “Artificial Intelligence”, etc. This was performed using databases, such as Scopus, Google Scholar, and PubMed; (3) Results: A total of 89 studies, published between 2011 and 2021, were included. The majority of the selected research aims to solve a diabetes management problem (e.g., blood glucose prediction, early detection of risk events, and the automatic adjustment of insulin doses, etc.). In these studies, wearable devices were used in combination with artificial intelligence (AI) techniques; (4) Conclusions: Wearable devices have attracted a great deal of scientific interest in the field of healthcare for people with chronic conditions, such as diabetes. They are capable of assisting in the management of diabetes, as well as preventing complications associated with this condition. Furthermore, the usage of these devices has improved illness management and quality of life.
Highlights
Diabetes is a persistent disease in which the level of sugar in the blood is high
Papers written in English; Only papers published in the last 10 years due to the fast technological developments in diabetes self-management; Only papers with diabetes management and its complications as the main topic; Only papers dealing with the management of type 1, type 2, or gestational diabetes; Only papers that focus on diabetes self-management using devices which are either portable or mounted on the body were included; Only papers addressing the topic with artificial intelligence (AI)-based techniques
One of the remaining three studies involved the creation of a smartphone application to assist people with type 1 diabetes in counting the carbohydrates in their diet, so the database included images of various meal components; the other two studies used virtual subjects to predict blood glucose levels as well as critical events
Summary
Diabetes is a persistent disease in which the level of sugar in the blood is high. It can be caused by either a lack or absence of insulin production, or by a loss of insulin effectiveness [1]. When insulin is not available in sufficient quantities, glucose can no longer be absorbed by the cells in the body that need it and its normal use is disrupted [2]. This disease is one of the world’s fastest growing health problems of the twenty-first century, with the number of diabetics more than tripling in the last 20 years. The IDF estimates that 578 million adults will have diabetes by 2030, and 700 million by
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