Machinability Study of Hardened 1045 Steel When Milling with Ceramic Cutting Inserts.

Mohamed Shnfir,Victor Songmene,Oluwole A Olufayo,Walid Jomaa

doi:10.3390/ma12233974

Mohamed Shnfir, Victor Songmene + Show 2 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma12233974

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Abstract

Intermittent machining using ceramic tools such as hard milling is a challenging task due to the severe mechanical shock that the inserts undergo during machining and the brittleness of ceramic inserts. This study investigates the machinability of hardened steel AISI 1045 during face milling using SiAlON and whisker (SiCW) based ceramic inserts. The main focus seeks to identify the effects of cutting parameters, milling configuration, edge preparation and work material hardness on machinability indicators such as resultant cutting force, power consumption and flank tool wear. The effects of these varying cutting conditions on performance characteristics were investigated using a Taguchi orthogonal array design L32 (21 44) and evaluated using ANOVA. Results indicate lower resultant cutting forces were recorded with honed edge inserts of SiAlON ceramic grade. In addition, a decrease in resultant cutting forces was associated with reduced feed rates and increased hardness. The feed rate and cutting speed were also identified as the greatest influencing factors in the amount of cutting power. The main wear mechanisms responsible for flank wear on the ceramic inserts are micro-scale abrasion and micro-chipping. Increased flank wear was observed at low cutting speed and high feed rates, while micro-chipping mostly ensued from the cyclic loading of the radial tool edge form, which is more susceptible to impact fragmentation. Thus, the use of tools with chamfered tool-edge preparation greatly improved observed wear values. Additional confirmation tests were also conducted to validate the results of the tests.

Highlights

Due to the development of high-performance machine tools and advanced cutting tool materials, hard machining technology was accepted as a reliable technique in the manufacturing of structural components made of hardened materials
In addition to the standard machine-tool parameters, the cutting tool edge preparation and material, the workpiece material hardness and/or microstructure are amongst the critical factors that should be considered in the optimization of the hard machining processes, during milling operations
The present paper aims to explore the performance of ceramic tools in hard milling of AISI 1045 steel

Summary

Introduction

Due to the development of high-performance machine tools and advanced cutting tool materials, hard machining technology was accepted as a reliable technique in the manufacturing of structural components made of hardened materials (hardness exceeding 45 HRC). Many aspects of the hard machining processes such as parts’ surface integrity [1,2], machinability indexes [3,4] and ecological trends [5] have been extensively studied. It was demonstrated that these aspects were significantly sensitive to various technological parameters and their interactions [6]. In addition to the standard machine-tool parameters (cutting speed, feed rate and depth of cut), the cutting tool edge preparation and material, the workpiece material hardness and/or microstructure are amongst the critical factors that should be considered in the optimization of the hard machining processes, during milling operations (intermittent cutting).

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