M16 IDENTICAL BUT NOT THE SAME - WHOLE GENOME SEQUENCING OF MONOZYGOTIC TWINS DISCORDANT FOR PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS

Abstract

Research and development on nanotechnology and nanofibers have been increasing significantly. When compared to the bulk materials, nanomaterials mostly provide superior physical, chemical, physicochemical, and biological properties. Some nanomaterials can be found in air, water, soil, and consequently in human and animal bodies; therefore, these nanomaterials can cause some public debate on toxicological, health, and environmental effects. When nanofibers are long and flexible, most of them are produced through an electrospinning process and are safe to handle; however, after some additional processes (e.g., carbonization, chopping, calcination, or grinding) are applied to those nanofibers or when they become highly brittle, the long fibers can go into short/sharp fibers and may act like sharp needle nanomaterials. It was reported that some nanomaterials could get into the human body through inhalation, ingestion, or skin contact and stay in the body for a long time, damaging the surrounding tissues. Particle size, surface chemistry, surface potential, and surface area are the major factors in the toxicity of nanofibers and nanomaterials when they are exposed to the body. A number of different health-related sicknesses may be expected from these short nanofibers, some of which include bronchitis, other lung and liver cancers, heart disease, asthma, Crohn`s disease, Parkinsons, Alzheimers, and colon cancer.