Abstract
We report the case of a patient with an isolated pulmonary mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma that revealed an acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). A 30 year old man from Central Africa was admitted to hospital with cough, dyspnoea and general weakness. A diagnosis of HIV infection was made promptly. The thoracic CT scan revealed diffuse bilateral ground glass opacities as well as consolidation of the right upper lobe. After a non-diagnostic endoscopy the diagnosis of a low grade B cell MALT lymphoma (CD20+) was made by lung biopsy and confirmed by the presence of the t(11;18) translocation. No extrathoracic lymphoma was found. Treatment with rituximab and triple anti-retroviral therapy led to a rapid and complete remission that was maintained for 3 years after the diagnosis. Pulmonary MALT lymphoma may reveal AIDS. A combination of rituximab and anti-retroviral therapy led to complete remission in this patient.
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