Lymphomas and other hematological neoplasms in the testicles

Abstract

The testis may be infiltrated by hematological neoplasias. However, only few entities present as primary testicular diseases. To present hematological neoplasias in the testis, especially primary testicular hematological diseases. Selective literature research ( http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov ) was combined with the clinico-pathological experience of the authors. We present the experience of the lymph node registry Kiel with hematological neoplasias of the testis and develop astaining recommendation. According to our data, the testis is mainly involved by diffuse large B‑cell lymphomas (~70% of cases) followed by precursor cell neoplasias (~20%). Most precursor cell neoplasias are disseminated diseases involving the testis. Primary testicular lymphomas are nearly exclusively diffuse large B‑cell lymphomas that show specific clinical, pathological, and molecular features discriminating them from nodal/disseminated lymphomas. Primary testicular follicular lymphomas, which have been described in the literature, seem to be extremely rare. Primary testicular lymphomas are predominantly diffuse large B‑cell lymphomas. The diagnosis is possible with few immunohistochemical stainings. However, histology cannot replace clinical staging to discriminate primary testicular lymphoma from secondary infiltration by anodal/disseminated disease.