Abstract
The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of lycopene on CMS-induced depressive-like behavioral changes in Wistar rats. In present study, rodents were selected randomly and grouped in to seven groups. Each group consists of six animals. All the groups are subjected to chronic mild stress in an unpredictable manner except the control group, which is free from stress. Behavioral changes induced during chronic mild stress were assessed by conducting the behavioral tests like forced swim test, sucrose preferences test, elevated plus maze test and open field tests in screening depressant and anxiety activity. The data analysis showed chronic mild stress produced depressive and anxiogenic behavior in the experimental rats. A significant increase in the immobility time and decrease in sucrose consumption in sucrose preference test are noted in CMS and vehicle groups. Similarly, in an elevated plus maze a significant decrease in the entries in the open arm and decrease in central square entries, and rearing behavior and increase in the duration of immobility were observed in open field test.Lycopene treatment for 6-weeks significantly decreased immobility time and increased in sucrose consumption observed in the forced swim test and sucrose preference test respectively. Lycopene significantly increased number of entries in the open arm of elevated plus maze and decreased grooming and freezing behavior in open field method. lycopene supplemented dose of 5mg/kg showed an insignificant results in all the behavioral models (p>0.05).The data were expressed as Mean±SD.Data were analyzed and differences between the means were determined by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) Using graph pad prism version 5.03 statistical software. In all the tests, differences were considered significant if p<0.05 to be a statistical significant. lycopene possesses antidepressant and mild- anxiolytic activity which may be due to its antioxidant effect that might warrant further studies.
Highlights
The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of lycopene on CMS-induced depressive-like behavioral changes in Wistar rats
Behavioral changes induced during chronic mild stress were assessed by conducting the behavioral tests like forced swim test, sucrose preferences test, elevated plus maze test and open field tests in screening depressant and anxiety activity
In an elevated plus maze a significant decrease in the entries in the open arm and decrease in central square entries, and rearing behavior and increase in the duration of immobility were observed in open field test.Lycopene treatment for 6-weeks significantly decreased immobility time and increased in sucrose consumption observed in the forced swim test and sucrose preference test respectively
Summary
The present study aimed at evaluating the effects of lycopene on CMS-induced depressive-like behavioral changes in Wistar rats. A valid model that inducing depression in rodents, and mimics in progress in the depressive state that had similar features in the human depressive state[5] In this model, rats were inflicted to a variety of stressor over a considerable period of time, a gradual reduction in intake of sucrose and body weights with elevated serum corticosteroids that reflected by, a decrease in sensitivity to rewards namely(Anhedonia-loss of pleasure)is the most important symptom of depression[6].Decrease in the brain antioxidant enzyme activity and disturbances in HPA-axis is a major constraint factor, involved in processing emotional disorders like anxiety and depression[7].Dysregulation in HPA-axis is associated, with induction of depression 8.Chronic stress brings about structural changes in the hippocampus region that involved in regulating cognition[9].Conventionally used antidepressants increase reuptake of monoamines which crave 2-4 weeks to show antidepressant activity with 30% of remission. We used the natural method for inducing depression and widely expected model in inducing depression. we hypothesized that CMS model induce stress in animals and bring behavioral changes in rodent, we anticipating lycopene supplementation could be potent molecule that could able to revert behavioral changes that are typically present during the induction of stress
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