Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory disease with chronic relapsing symptoms. This study investigated the effects of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) and capsaicin (CAP) in dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC rats. Rats were divided into normal, DSS-induced UC, and UC treated with 100 mg LBP/kg bw, 12 mg CAP/kg bw, or 50 mg LBP/kg bw and 6 mg CAP/kg bw. Rats were fed LBP or CAP orally by gavage for 4 weeks, and UC model was established by feeding 5% DSS in drinking water for 6 days during week 3. Oral CAP and mixture significantly reduced disease activity index. Oral LBP significantly decreased serum malondialdehyde, interleukin (IL)-6, colonic tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α levels, and protein expression of transient receptor potential cation channel V1 (TRPV1) and transient receptor potential ankyrin 1 (TRPA1), but increased serum catalase activity. Oral CAP significantly suppressed serum IL-6, colonic TRPV1 and TRPA1 protein expression, but elevated IL-10 levels, serum superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The mixture of LBP and CAP significantly reduced serum IL-6, colonic TNF-α and TRPA1 protein. In conclusion, administration of LBP and/or CAP attenuate DSS-induced UC symptoms through inhibiting oxidative stress, proinflammatory cytokines, and protein expression of TRPV1 and TRPA1.
Highlights
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease sub-type, commonly occurring in the sigmoid colon, characterized by relapsing and remitting inflammatory mucosa [1]
Rats supplemented with Lycium barbarum polysaccharides (LBP) and/or CAP had lesser histolesser histological damage, but the results demonstrated that such intervention did not logical damage, but the results demonstrated that such intervention did not achieve siglogical damage, but the results demonstrated that such intervention did not achieve significant differences compared to compared the U groupto(Figure achieve significant differences the group nificant differences compared to the U group (Figure 3B)
Our study demonstrated that proinflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in the colon and IL-6 levels in serum were increased after 5% dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) induction, and rats treated with LBP or CAP decreased tutuFigure necrosis Effects factor-α (TNF-α) or both cytokines
Summary
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease sub-type, commonly occurring in the sigmoid colon, characterized by relapsing and remitting inflammatory mucosa [1]. Massive infiltration of neutrophils in the colon was found during the onset of UC disease, and following overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) could contribute to the damage to the intestinal mucosa, which could exacerbate the symptoms of colitis by affecting the membrane integrity of the colonic mucosa and further leading to mucosal disorders [6,7]. Inflammatory cytokines were believed to be able to stimulate primary neurons and increase the nociceptive input to neurons, resulting in aberrant signal propagation and processing [9]. This aberrant signal was referred to as visceral hypersensitivity and could explain the inflammatory pain [9]
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