Abstract
American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) has two main scenarios of transmission as follows: scattered cases in rural areas and urban outbreaks. Urban AVL is in active dispersion from the northeastern border of Argentina-Paraguay-Brazil to the South. The presence of Lutzomyia longipalpis was initially reported in urban environments in the northwestern border of the country. The presence of Lu. longipalpis, environmental variables associated with its distribution, and its genetic diversity were assessed in Salvador Mazza, Argentina, on the border with Bolivia. The genetic analysis showed high haplotype diversity, low nucleotide diversity, and low nucleotide polymorphism index. We discuss the hypothesis of an expanding urban population with introgressive hybridisation of older haplogroups found in their path in natural forest or rural environments, acquiring a new adaptability to urban environments, and the possibility of changes in vector capacity.
Highlights
American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) due to Leishmania infantum is mainly transmitted by the species complex, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva)
AVL has two main scenarios of transmission as follows: scattered human and canine cases in rural areas and urban outbreaks with high prevalence in dogs. The former scenario has been reported since the beginning of the twentieth century, but the latter has been recorded since the 1970s in the northeast Brazil when the urban dispersion of visceral leishmaniasis (VL) in Paraguay, Argentina, and Uruguay began at the turn of the century.[1]
To evaluate this hypothesis, a phlebotomine survey was conducted in Salvador Mazza, Argentina, on the border with Bolivia, to assess the presence of Lu. longipalpis, its spatial distribution, associated environmental variables, and its genetic diversity
Summary
American visceral leishmaniasis (AVL) due to Leishmania infantum is mainly transmitted by the species complex, Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lutz & Neiva).
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