Lutein Treatment Effects on the Redox Status and Metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) in Oral Cancer Squamous Cells-Are There Therapeutical Hopes?

Dan Alexandru Enășescu,Marian Burcea,Iulia Stanescu-Spinu,Daniela Miricescu,Alexandra Ripszky Totan,Maria Greabu,Mihaela Georgeta Moisescu,Crenguta Albu,Marina Imre

doi:10.3390/ma14112968

Dan Alexandru Enășescu, Marian Burcea + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14112968

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Journal: Materials	Publication Date: May 31, 2021
Citations: 9	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy

Abstract

Carotenoids loaded in nanoparticles should be regarded as a promising way to increase the availability in healthy cells and to induce apoptosis in cancer. Lutein is a carotenoid that, in contrast to beta-carotene, has no known toxicities. Oral cancer represents one of the most frequent types of cancer world-wide with an incidence rate of about 9% of all types of cancer. Almost 95% of all oral cancers are represented by squamous cell carcinomas (OSCC). The aim of this study was to review and analyse the effects of lutein and Poly(d,l-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) Nps containing lutein (Lut Nps) on oxidative stress biomarkers (OXSR-1, FOXO-3, TAC) and collagen degradation biomarker–MMP-9, in human cells BICR10 of buccal mucosa squamous carcinoma. Lut Nps were prepared by the emulsion-solvent evaporation method. MMP, OXSR-1, TAC, FOXO-3 and MMP-9 were measured in tumour cell lysates by the ELISA technique. Our results have shown that in Lut 100 cells and Lut Nps the OXSR1 (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) and TAC (p < 0.001, p < 0.001) values were significantly higher than in control cells. The Lut 100 and Lut Nps FOXO-3 levels revealed no significant differences versus the control. MMP-9 levels were significantly reduced (p < 0.001) in the Lut Nps cells versus control cells. In our study conditions, lutein and lutein Nps did not trigger an oxidative stress by ROS induction. However, lutein Nps treatment seemed to have a positive effect, by downregulating the MMP-9 levels. Loaded in Nps, lutein could be regarded as a protective factor against local invasiveness, in whose molecular landscape MMPs, and especially MMP-9 are the main actors.

Highlights

Introduction distributed under the terms andOral cancer represents one of the most frequent types of cancer world-wide with an incidence rate of about 9% of all types of cancer [1]
MMP, OXSR-1, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), Fork head box O (FOXO)-3 and MMP-9 were measured in tumour cell lysates by the ELISA technique, using assay kits from Elabscience (Houston, TX, USA) and a semiautomatic ELISA analyser STAT FAX 303-PLUS
Our results revealed no significant differences between FOXO-3 levels in LUT 100, respectively, lutein Nps-treated cells, compared to control cancer cells (Tables 1, 2 and 5; Figures 2a, 3a and 6)

Summary

Introduction

Introduction distributed under the terms andOral cancer represents one of the most frequent types of cancer world-wide with an incidence rate of about 9% of all types of cancer [1]. OSCC patients’ mortality is mainly due to local recurrency and regional spreading after surgical treatment failure at the primary site [3,4]. Primary OSCC surgical treatment aims to succeed total ablation of the tumour, otherwise, inadequate resection seriously increases the disease recurrence probability [5]. Up to 50% of the OSCC cases presented recurrency following surgical treatment, even if the histologically-negative edges have been ensured [3,4,5]. This primary tumour sites’ high recurrence rate highlights molecular malignant transformations occurring before the phenotypic histologic changes can be diagnosed. Most of the already studied biomarkers do not have the sensitivity and/or availability imposed by the routine clinical laboratory use [7]

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