Lupus Profundus: A Case Report from Pakistan

Abstract

Lupus erythematosus (LE) is termed as an autoimmune chronic condition which involves a spectrum of symptoms. It is a part of the connective tissue diseases. Its cutaneous form is termed as cutaneous lupus erythematosus (CLE). Prevalence of CLE is about 70 cases per 100,000 persons. The least common variety of CLE is lupus profundus (LP)—only 5% of cases. Lupus profundus, although rare, must be kept in the differential diagnoses of ulcerated lesions. It may present as a localized entity or in association with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or it may lead to SLE later in life. Early diagnosis based on histopathology and aggressive treatment is essential to prevent significant physical morbidity and progression to systemic involvement. We report a case of biopsy-proven lupus profundus in a 40-year-old female who presented with high-grade fever and multiple ulcerated lesions. The lesions were appreciated on the left thigh, right gluteus, and left arm. They had an erythematous base and edematous necrotizing centers with purulent discharge. She had a history of oral ulcers, joint pain, photosensitivity, dyspnea, peptic ulcer disease, and signs of depression. Her autoimmune assays were unremarkable. We treated her with antibiotics, oral hydroxychloroquine, and oral corticosteroid. Potassium permanganate wash and methylprednisolone aceponate were applied locally on the lesions. Ulcerated LP is a rare cause of ulcerated/indurated, painful subcutaneous plaques. It may present as a localized entity or in association with SLE or it may lead to SLE later in life.