Lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET) with autoimmune thyroid dysfunction (AITD) as the first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus: A case report and review of the literature

Abstract

IntroductionLupus erythematosus tumidus (LET) is a rare cutaneous manifestation especially as a first presentation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Autoimmune thyroid dysfunction (AITD) may be associated with SLE but rarely at initial presentation, and its diagnosis may be delayed. Case reportA 29 year old male presented to Tishreen Hospital in Damascus with a three-year history of recurrent cellulitis-like lesions on the face, and more recently, he developed similar lesions on the trunk and the chest, in addition to the development of peripheral and scrotal edema, constipation, xeroderma, hair loss, musculoskeletal pain and depression. Laboratory investigations revealed: leukopenia, anaemia, elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and C-reactive protein (CRP). Immunological tests identified the positive anti-nuclear antibody (ANA), anti-double stranded DNA (anti-dsDNA), anti Ro/SSA, anti La/SSB antibodies. Additionally, there was consumed complement C3, elevated thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), thyroid hormones decreased free T3 and T4 and anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO) antibody was positive. Skin biopsy from the cheek plaque suggested the presence of LET and revealed slight hyperkeratosis; actinic elastosis, telangiectasia and edema of the papillary dermis; deep dermis perivascular and periadnexal inflammatory infiltrates with karyorrhexis of the lymphocytes and dermis edema between strands of collagen. The patient fulfilled the SLE classification criteria and consequently, methylprednisolone, azathioprine, hydroxychloroquine, levothyroxine were introduced with dramatic improvement. ConclusionLET is a rare cutaneous lupus-specific lesion that may be associated with SLE. AITD, hypothyroidism in particular, could be an initial presentation of SLE. Increased awareness and early diagnosis of such clinical presentations may improve patient outcomes.