Lung microbiome in lung cancer: A new horizon in cancer study.

Abstract

Lung cancer (LC) is the second most prevalent cancer worldwide and a leading cause of cancer-related deaths. Recent technological advancements have revealed that the lung microbiome, previously thought to be sterile, is host to various microorganisms. The association between the lung microbiome and LC initiation, progression, and metastasis is complex and contradictory. However, disruption in the homeostasis of microbiome compositions correlated with the increased risk of LC. This review summarises current knowledge on the most recent developments and trends in lung cancer-related microbiota or microbial components. This manuscript aims to provide information on this rapidly evolving field while giving context to the general role of the lung microbiome in LC. In addition, this review briefly discussed the causative association of lung microbiome with LC. We will review the mechanisms of how lung microbiota influences carcinogenesis, focusing on microbiota dysbiosis. Moreover, we will also discuss the host-microbiome interaction as host-microbiota plays a crucial role in stimulating and regulating the immune response. Finally, we provide information on the diagnostic role of the microbiome in LC. It aims to offer an overview of the lung microbiome as a predictive and diagnostic biomarker in LC.