Abstract
Lung is colonized by a diverse array of microbes and the lung microbiota is profoundly involved in the development of respiratory diseases. There is little knowledge about the role of lung microbiota dysbiosis in lung cancer. In this study, we performed metagenomic sequencing on bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) from two different sampling methods in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients and non-cancer controls. We found the obvious variation between bronchoscopy samples and lobectomy samples. Oral taxa can be found in both bronchoscopy and lobectomy samples and higher abundance of oral taxa can be found in bronchoscopy samples. Although the NSCLC patients had similar microbial communities with non-cancer controls, rare species such as Lactobacillus rossiae, Bacteroides pyogenes, Paenibacillus odorifer, Pseudomonas entomophila, Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, fungus Chaetomium globosum et al. showed obvious difference between NSCLC patients and non-cancer controls. Age-, gender-, and smoking-specific species and EGFR expression-related species in NSCLC patients were detected. There results implicated that different lung segments have differential lung microbiome composition. The oral taxa are found in the lobectomy samples suggesting that oral microbiota are the true members of lung microbiota, rather than contamination during bronchoscopy. Lung cancer does not obviously alter the global microbial composition, while rare species are altered more than common species. Certain microbes may be associated with lung cancer progression.
Highlights
Lung is colonized by a diverse array of microbes and the lung microbiota is profoundly involved in the development of respiratory diseases
To elucidate the lung microbiome in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients, we performed shotgun metagenomic sequencing on 47 samples, 15 of which were from non-cancer controls and 32 of which were from NSCLC patients (Table 1)
After removing the species with a very low frequency, at the species level, we identified significantly increased bacterial abundance in Lactobacillus rossiae, Burkholderia mallei and Bacteroides pyogenes, et al and decreased bacterial abundance in Paenibacillus odorifer, Pseudomonas entomophila, Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense etc. in NSCLC patients compared to non-cancer controls in bronchoscope samples (Fig. 3D)
Summary
Lung is colonized by a diverse array of microbes and the lung microbiota is profoundly involved in the development of respiratory diseases. Many regions of the human body, including the gastrointestinal tract, skin, oral cavity, lung, and reproductive tract, are colonized by a diverse community of microorganisms, referred to as the human m icrobiota[1] These microbes include bacteria, archaea, fungi, protists, and viruses that affect host physiology, and the compositional alterations of them can disrupt host homeostasis. The microbial composition of the lower airway in the lung cancer patients is significantly different from that of the non-cancer controls, which is associated with upregulation of ERK and PI3K signaling pathways[15]. Veillonella parvula was identified as the most abundant taxa, causing decreased survival and increased tumor burden[16]
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