Abstract
Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) is emerging as new healthcare technology and it has a high potential through physical and chemical effects for cancer treatment. Recently, CAP, plasma activated liquid (PAL), and nanomaterial have been significant advances in oncotherapy. Reactive oxygen-nitrogen species (RONS), electrical field, and other agents generated by CAP interact with cells and induce selective responses between the malignant and normal cells. Nanomedicine enhances therapeutic effectiveness and decreases the side effects of traditional treatments due to their target delivery and dispersion in tumor tissue. There are various nanocarriers (NCs) which based on their properties can be used for the delivery of different agents. The combination of gas plasma and nanomaterials technologies is a new multimodal treatment in cancer treatment, therefore, is expected that the conjunction of these technologies addresses many of the oncology challenges. This chapter provides a framework for current research of NC and gas plasma therapies for lung cancer. Herein, we focus on the application of gas plasmas and nanotechnology to drug and gene delivery and highlight several outcomes of its. The types and features of the mentioned therapeutics strategy as novel classes for treating lung cancer individually and synergistic were examined.
Highlights
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a survival of only 15% of cancer patients 5 years after diagnosis
The generation of primary and secondary singlet oxygen which is inactivated membrane-associated catalase, penetration of H2O2 through aquaporins, and at the final step causes cell death through the mitochondrial pathway of apoptosis by the reactivated Hypochlorous acid (HOCl) or ●NO/ONOO− − mediated apoptosis-inducing signaling. 1O2, which can be considered an important role in the selectivity of Cold atmospheric pressure plasma (CAP) and plasma activated medium (PAM), is produced primarily from hydrogen peroxide and nitrite that are two long-lived species in PAM, and in the second stage, 1O2 is generated from H2O2 and ONOO− due to NADPH oxidase 1 (NOX1) and NO synthase (NOS) respectively (Figure 2) [24, 25, 30, 31]
Many of the previous works about plasma oncotherapy for lung cancer have been performed at the in-vitro level
Summary
Lung cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death worldwide, with a survival of only 15% of cancer patients 5 years after diagnosis. Advances in nanotechnology have led to the rapid development of the synthesis, characterization, and application of nanocarriers (NCs) in cancer treatment [8]. Nanomaterials, due to their unique properties, can provide benefits such as clinical diagnosis, heat treatment, and body imaging, so they are a good candidate for pharmaceutical systems. It is time to consider synergies and the simultaneous combination of plasma-nanoparticles and their associated benefits for the development of effective therapies that improved selective efficacy and high safety for modern medicine. A detailed overview of the advantages and limitations of nanomedicine and plasma medicine as novel technologies are presented and we enumerate some of the main possibilities of synergy between nanotechnology and plasma technology for lung cancer treatment [11–14]
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