Abstract
The Moon is the Earth's only natural satellite, the fifth largest in the Solar System. The Moon appears to rise and set in the sky every day, just like the stars. The reason is the same: The Earth rotates. The Moon's path appears to encircle the Earth roughly once each month. When the Sun totally illuminates the lunar nearside, the Moon certainly looks bright—it is the night of the Full Moon. The interval of time the Moon takes to go through a cycle of lunar phases is called the synodic month. It is slightly longer than the time the Moon takes to orbit the Earth as measured against the background of stars, the sidereal month. During a total lunar eclipse, the Moon passes completely through the inner core of the Earth's shadow, the umbra. For several hours, everyone on the night side of the Earth will see a dark, coppery disk.
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