Lumpy skin disease in Kazakhstan

Mukhit B Orynbayev,Arman Issimov,Aziz K Nakhanov,Lespek B Kutumbetov,Erbol D Burashev,Kunsulu D Zakarya,Balzhan Sh Myrzakhmetova,Raikhan K Nissanova,Olga V Chervyakova,Berik M Khairullin,Kulyaisan T Sultankulova,Richard A Kock,Sergazy S Nurabayev,Ali B Tulendibayev

doi:10.1007/s11250-021-02613-6

Abstract

This study describes the registration of the first cases of lumpy skin disease in July 2016 in the Republic of Kazakhstan. In the rural district of Makash, Kurmangazinsky district of Atyrau region, 459 cattle fell ill and 34 died (morbidity 12.9% and mortality 0.96%). To determine the cause of the disease, samples were taken from sick and dead animals, as well as from insects and ticks. LSDV DNA was detected by PCR in all samples from dead animals and ticks (Dermacentor marginatus and Hyalomma asiaticum), in 14.29% of samples from horseflies (Tabanus bromius), and in one of the samples from two Stomoxys calcitrans flies. The reproductive LSD virus was isolated from organs of dead cattle and insects in the culture of LT and MDBK cells. The virus accumulated in cell cultures of LT and MDBK at the level of the third passage with titers in the range of 5.5–5.75 log 10 TCID50/cm3. Sequencing of the GPCR gene allowed us to identify this virus as a lumpy skin disease virus.

Highlights

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) mainly infects cattle and is characterized by fever, lymphadenitis, edema of subcutaneous cellular tissue and viscera, cutaneous nodules, ocular discharge, and inflammation of the mucosae (Prozesky and Barnard 1982)
Biological samples from sick and dead animals, ticks and insects in the disease locus were assayed for LSDV
Since about 2015, the disease has spread from African countries through the Near East into Europe, Azerbaijan, and Russia, and caused significant economic losses (Zeynalova et al 2016; Salnikov et al 2018; Sprygin et al 2018a, b; Saegerman et al 2018)

Summary

Introduction

Lumpy skin disease (LSD) mainly infects cattle and is characterized by fever, lymphadenitis, edema of subcutaneous cellular tissue and viscera, cutaneous nodules (lumps), ocular discharge, and inflammation of the mucosae (Prozesky and Barnard 1982). It is a transmissible disease that is transferred by various arthropods (Chihota et al 2003) and causes significant economic losses because of cattle exhaustion, hide damage, infertility, mastitis, and reduced milk production and up to 20% mortality is reported (Shalaby et al 2016). The causative agent of lumpy skin disease is a DNAcontaining virus of the Capripoxvirus genus, Poxviridae family (Tulman et al 2001). The Capripoxvirus genus consists of three members: sheep pox (SPPV), goat pox (GTPV), and lumpy skin disease (LSDV)

Methods

Results

Conclusion