Abstract
The use of carbon dioxide as refrigerant is attracting a growing attention and is a cutting-edge research topic. In spite of its many advantages, carbon dioxide has a major shortcoming, viz., low critical temperature. Owing to the low critical temperature, carbon dioxide cycles encompass both the sub-critical and the trans-critical operation conditions; the trans-critical operating conditions are characterized by high thermodynamic losses, requiring particular attention in the integrated component/system design criteria. In this perspective, in recent years, ejector technology has been widely recognized as a promising technical solution to support the deployment of carbon dioxide cycles, by reducing throttling losses. Unfortunately, the large variation in system operations as well as the changes in sub-critical and trans-critical operating conditions makes the numerical simulation of carbon dioxide ejector-based system a cutting-edge challenge. This paper contributes to the present day discussion on the validation of lumped parameter models for carbon dioxide ejectors. A model taken from the literature has been tested against literature data and the equilibrium assumptions, underlying the modelling approach have been tested.
Highlights
It is widely accepted that, in the forthcoming decades, the use of natural refrigerants will largely increase, taking into account the recent regulations regarding [1,2,3]
Owing to the low critical temperature, carbon dioxide cycles encompass both the sub-critical and the trans-critical operation conditions; the trans-critical operating conditions are characterized by high thermodynamic losses, requiring particular attention in the integrated component/system design criteria
The large variation in system operations as well as the changes in sub-critical and trans-critical operating conditions makes the numerical simulation of carbon dioxide ejector-based system a cutting-edge challenge
Summary
It is widely accepted that, in the forthcoming decades, the use of natural refrigerants will largely increase, taking into account the recent regulations regarding [1,2,3]. Owing to the low critical temperature, carbon dioxide cycles encompass both the sub-critical and the trans-critical operation conditions; the trans-critical operating conditions are characterized by high thermodynamic losses, requiring particular attention in the integrated component/system design criteria. The large variation in system operations as well as the changes in sub-critical and trans-critical operating conditions makes the numerical simulation of carbon dioxide ejector-based system a cutting-edge challenge.
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