Abstract
This article assesses and compares Land Use changes in eastern regions of Europe: East Central Europe (ECE ) and South East Europe (SEE ). This part of the continent has to a certain extent common historical experience: multinational empires, ethic nationalism, peripheral position to markets and the communist experiment within 1940s–1980s. All these developments, complemented by specific environmental characteristics, different from each other, have affected the evolution of Land Use structure over the last fifty years. Considerable differences in LU structure of SEE and ECE had existed undoubtedly already in pre-war period. Here we try to on the basis of FAO LU database reveal how geographical and historical contexts shaped Land Use structural changes in both regions and led to important distinctions. <b>LUCC v post-komunistických zemích střední a východní Evropy v letech 1960–2000 a jeho historickogeografické kořeny</b> Předkládaný článek zachycuje v komparativní perspektivě změny ve využití půdy v regionech jihovýchodní (SEE ) a středovýchodní (ECE ) Evropy. Část kontinentu, dnes vnímaná především jako postkomunistická, má mnohem širší společné novověké dějiny: periferní pozici vůči světovému trhu, opožděný nástup industrializace, mnohonárodnostní impéria před a nevelké národní státy v době meziválečné. Zatímco tyto historickogeografické faktory vytvořily předpoklady pro analogický vývoj využití půd v obou regionech, rozdílné fyzickogeografické podmínky naopak posilovaly jeho specifické stránky. Na základě statistik Organizace OSN pro výživu a zemědělství (FAO) jsou v článku sledovány a zhodnoceny hlavní trendy ve využití půdy v obou regionech a jejich dominantní příčiny
Highlights
Former communist Eastern European regions – East Central Europe
The First World War marked the end of the centuries-long period of multinational empires, which were substituted by newly constituted national states
Fundamental political and economic history has been imprinted into the different trends in Land Use changes after 1945 (Bičík et al 2001, Bičík, Jeleček, Štěpánek 2001, Bičík, Jeleček 2004, Milanova et al 2004)
Summary
Former communist Eastern European regions – East Central Europe (abbr. ECE) and Southeast Europe The development of asymmetrical “core-periphery” relations between western and Eastern Europe was significantly strengthened by the late modernization and delayed start of Industrial Revolution (IR) in the latter (Bideleux, Jeffries 2007) All these factors undoubtedly affected the evolution of the LU patterns in both regions. Regardless all just mentioned similarities, societal driving forces influencing the developments of the Land Use structure in both regions have often followed divergent trajectories These diverse tendencies might be to certain extent ascribed to considerable differences in physical geographic characteristics and socio-economic geographical position of both regions, prominent cause behind these differing developments has roots in the distinctive evolution of civil society under the Ottoman (SEE), respectively Austrian (ECE) Empire. Due to the above-mentioned structure of FAO statistics, SEE, as used in this paper, consists of former Yugoslavia, Romania, Bulgaria and Albania
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