Lubricity and stability of poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) polymer layer on Co–Cr–Mo surface for hemi-arthroplasty to prevent degeneration of articular cartilage

Abstract

Migration of the artificial femoral head to the inside of the pelvis due to the degeneration of acetabular cartilage has emerged as a serious issue in resurfacing or bipolar hemi-arthroplasty. Surface modification of cobalt–chromium–molybdenum alloy (Co–Cr–Mo) is one of the promising means of improving lubrication for preventing the migration of the artificial femoral head. In this study, we systematically investigated the surface properties, such as lubricity, biocompatibility, and stability of the various modification layers formed on the Co–Cr–Mo with the biocompatible 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) polymer by dip coating or grafting. The cartilage/poly(MPC) (PMPC)-grafted Co–Cr–Mo interface, which mimicked a natural joint, showed an extremely low friction coefficient of <0.01, as low as that of a natural cartilage interface. Moreover, the long-term stability in water was confirmed for the PMPC-grafted layer; no hydrolysis of the siloxane bond was observed throughout soaking in phosphate-buffered saline for 12 weeks. The PMPC-grafted Co–Cr–Mo femoral head for hemi-arthroplasty is a promising option for preserving acetabular cartilage and extending the duration before total hip arthroplasty.