Abstract
Objective: This study investigated the effect of the condition of lubrication on the friction between brackets and NiTi archwires of different rounded cross-sections. Methods: Brackets (Roth, GAC) were affixed to a device connected to a universal testing machine into which segments of archwire were placed (NiTi, Nitinol, GAC) with cross-sections of 0.012-in, 0.016-in and 0.020-in. Once the wire was in the bracket slot, the following lubricants were applied: human saliva (HS: positive control), distilled water (DI), mucin-based (MUC) or carboxymethylcellulose-based (CMC) artificial saliva. In the negative control group, no lubricant was used. The combination between the wire cross-sections and the lubrication condition generated 15 groups with 15 samples each. Data were submitted to two-way analysis of variance and Tukey’s test. Results: There was no significant interaction between the wire cross-section and the condition of lubrication (p= 0.901). Irrespective of whether lubricants were used or not, there was a significant increase in friction with an increase in the cross-section of the wire (p< 0.001). For any wire, the group tested in the presence of MUC was not different from that in which HS was applied. On the other hand, when the application of lubricants was suppressed, significantly higher friction values were observed. The CMC group and the DI group demonstrated intermediate behavior. Conclusions: Friction increased with the increase of the cross-section of the NiTi archwire, but regardless of the archwire, friction with MUC artificial saliva was similar to that of HS and lower than in dry conditions.
Highlights
IntroductionThe friction between the bracket-archwire interface could prevent the action of forces required for a particular movement.[1]
During the mechanical therapy, the friction between the bracket-archwire interface could prevent the action of forces required for a particular movement.[1]
In addition to the factors related to the orthodontic appliances, saliva is considered to be a biological variable associated with friction, as it acts as a lubricant during sliding mechanics.[12]
Summary
The friction between the bracket-archwire interface could prevent the action of forces required for a particular movement.[1]. In the majority of the research studies, the friction test has been conducted without the use of any lubricant,[6,8,13,14,15] which does not represent the clinical reality where there is saliva introduced during the movement of the archwire on the bracket. To remedy this situation, distilled water has been used as a lubricant.[16] in this case the test is conducted in the presence of a lubricant, water does not have the lubricating ability of natural human saliva.[17,18]
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