<title>Transporting proton beam through a quartz tube</title>

Abstract

The present paper gives an experimental and theoretic study of the transmission process of protons within the 100 keV to 300 keV energy range through a quartz tube, 100 mm in length and 1.6 mm in diameter. It has been established that protons pass through the tube without energy losses. Proton beam goes through the tube even when the tube axis does not coincide with the beam axis. The angular width of the protons' transmission via tube probability curve versus angle of incidence makes about 3⁰. As authors suggest this effect is explained as follows: as beam transmission starts, protons collide with tube wall and charge it due to electron emission. Collisions of particles with the wall continue until surface charge is produced a field deflecting protons from the wall. So, self-organization of a beam-wall charge system takes place. Computer simulation has shown that distribution of the charge on the wall is axially symmetric and oscillates along the tube. It is known that when charge moves inside oscillating field, which has a gradient, it is subjected to action of a uni-directional force (Miller's force). This force provides protons movement through the wall without collisions with the wall. It has been shown that using a glass tube of conical cross-section permits to focus the beam of charged particles.