<title>Multilevel heterogeneity in electrochromic polyaniline films</title>

Abstract

Electronic properties of polyaniline films depend strictly on their heterostructure influenced on the electronic structure and transport phenomena in these ones. We have obtained the evidences of existence of heterogeneity in molecular scale for the chemically prepared polyaniline and in microscopic and macroscopic scales for the vacuum deposited polyaniline films. The character of heterogeneity depends strictly on the nature of oxidant, concentrations, temperature, mass transfer and so on. The heterogeneity of the vacuum deposited polyaniline films influenced on their electrical conductivity, magnetic properties and the formation of so-called trapped charge. In turn these factors affect strictly on the electro chromic properties of polyaniline films. The principal reason of the heterogeneous structure formation is the autocatalytic character of the oxidation in course of synthesis and following processes. Based on these data we formulate hypothesis on the multilevel heterogeneity in polyaniline and other conducting polymers.