Abstract
Fluorescence lifetime-based sensing is now recognized as a valuable methodology in clinical and analytical chemistry. For clinical chemistry, or for non-invasive sensing through skin, it is often necessary to obtain quantitative information in highly scattering media. Lifetime-based sensing can be used to obtain quantitative measurements in turbid media. We describe frequency-domain lifetime measurements in intralipid suspension, and present a reliable technique which allows phase-modulation lifetime measurements of fluorophores dispersed within or localized within intralipid. Lifetimes can be measured using an intensity decay law which accounts for the time delays and pulse-broadening effects of multiple light scattering events occurring in the intralipid. Alternatively, the phase and modulation measurements can be performed relative to a reference fluorophore of known lifetime. This approach provided reliable lifetime data for a pH-sensitive fluorophore contained within a microcuvette 4 mm under the surface of an intralipid suspension.
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