Abstract
This paper presents a detailed description of various techniques and experimental procedures in manufacturing Ionic Polymeric-Metal Composites (IPMCs) that, if fully developed, can be used as effective biomemetic sensors, actuators, and artificial muscles as well as fully electroded with embedded electrodes for fuel cell. The performance of those IPMCs manufactured by different manufacturing techniques are presented and compared. In particular, a number of issues such as force optimization using the Taguchi design of experiment technique, effects of different cations on the electromechanical performance of IPMCs, electrode and particle size distribution control, manufacturing cost minimization approaches, scaling and 3D muscle production issues and heterogeneous composites by physical loading techniques are also reviewed and discussed.
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