Abstract
ABSTRACT Conventional ultrasonic inspection techniques may not possess the required attributes to detect early stages of creepcracking, accurately size indications or differentiate between benign and detrimental defects. Typical types of damage arepresented and the need for personnel and procedure qualification programs discussed. Training using service damagedreference materials has been found to be necessary.Keywords: Seam welded piping, ultrasonics, qualification, creep damage, cavitation, weld cracking, referencestandards, focussed beam, TOFD, electric power industry. 1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND It has been documented that longitudinal seam welds in high energy components (piping and headers) of fossil fueledpower plants can present significant safety and reliability concerns due to initiation and propagation of creep cracks. Toaddress these concerns it is generally accepted practice to perform in-situ nondestructive evaluation (NDE) to determinethe cuirent condition ofthe weldments and predict the future response of the material, However, recently reported events
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