<title>Detection and identification of underwater targets by resonance or resonant scattering</title>

Abstract

This paper presents the resonance or resonant scattering technique for detection and identification of underwater targets. Based on the resonance theory and the resonant scattering theory (RST), all underwater objects resonate at their natural frequencies when impinged by acoustic energy. These resonating natural frequencies appear as modulations on the frequency domain of the target echoes. Since these natural resonances are correlated and quasi-stationary signals originate from these underwater targets, the G-transform can efficiently be used for detecting the presence of a target by detecting the presence of some stationary signal. Furthermore, since these targets resonate at their natural frequencies based on target sizes, shapes and material compositions, the G-transform of these echoes can present these target resonances as unique signatures of each target. These unique signatures can then be used for target identification with trained neural networks.