<title>Comparison of operation efficiency for the insert task when using stereoscopic images with additional lines, stereoscopic images, and a manipulator with force feedback</title>

Abstract

ABSTRACT It has been reported that operation efficiency for the teleoperations using stereoscopic video images is lower than whenusing the naked eye in real environments. Here, the authors tried to improve the human-machine interface of this particularsystem to achieve higher operation efficiency for stereoscopic video images by adding other information. An experimentwas carried out under the four following conditions: when the insert task was performed by subjects using conventionalstereoscopic video images, when the centering lines for the cylindrical objects and holes (targets) were added to theconventional stereoscopic video images, when the force feedback was provided to the system manipulator as one objecttouched another object, and when both ofthe additional centering lines and force feedback were provided. The subject's taskwas to insert a cylindrical object into a round hole. The completion time was measured from the time of the starting signalto the time when the object was inserted into the hole. Completion time, when additional lines were given, was shorter thanwhen the force feedback was provided, and when no additional information was provided. It was concluded that additionalvisual information contributed more to the recognition of the space rather than providing additional information aboutsurface phenomena.Keywords: Telepresence, stereoscopic display, teleoperation, additional information, tactile information, teleoperationefficiency