Abstract
Natural and man-made disasters and conflicts occur constantly around the world, leaving displaced and vulnerable people every year, especially in the developing countries. Among other urgent necessities, this population needs to rebuild their houses. Due to the scarcity of resources in these disaster contexts, many of them opt for self-build or community-based construction of simple houses. Community-based construction can be a solution in these situations, maybe the only one available, but arises other problems such as a scarce awareness and prevention of the labour risks and scarce construction knowledge and skills. Taking into account all the factors, a possible solution to this, proposed by the authors, could be an ‘assisted self-build construction’. That is to say, a self-construction by a community, in which the members have been specifically trained in the labour risk prevention and construction materials and techniques they are going to use. This involve a previous analysis with the following steps: (1) study of the local and traditional materials and construction techniques of vernacular houses; (2) study of how they could be improved by incorporating new current construction knowledge; (3) design of different low-tech but high-knowledge housing appropriate for self-building; (4) evaluation of the sustainability of the alternative designs, including the labour risks during construction, and selection of the best one; and (5) definition of the teaching content and plan. The selected design should integrate the local and traditional construction materials and knowledge, which are usually available and sustainable, with the current knowledge, in order to improve the traditional design and make it more resistant to natural hazards such as earthquakes and, at the same time, create a more comfortable house. The labour risks during self-construction should be evaluated, the construction process adapted in order to minimise the risks, and preventive measure defined.
Highlights
Natural disasters are due to a complex combination of natural hazards and disastrous human actions (Blaikie et al 2014)
Decision-makers face a dilemma between applying the strategies used before the disaster, which could not successfully resist the natural hazards, or new buildings strategies, which are not well known by the Displaced population (DP)
This study provides a general view about labour methods of post-disaster accommodation by considering its advantages and disadvantages
Summary
Natural disasters are due to a complex combination of natural hazards and disastrous human actions (Blaikie et al 2014). Other more resistant technologies need to be applied, or at least the previous construction technologies of the affected area should be improved to have robust buildings against future hazards based on the engineering codes and standards. In this regard, affected people, who know how to construct the previous buildings, are involved in construction activities of new buildings, which need higher expertise than DP’s experiences. The high-technology buildings need more technical details and components than the previous buildings, which normally implies the use of different construction technologies and processes This needs to be considered together with professional management, such as standard components, occupational risks, and so on. The objectives of the research presented in this paper are threefold: (1) to provide an overview of the four different labour methods in post-disaster housing; (2) to propose a method to evaluate the occupational risks; and (3) to define a value tree that enables the sustainability assessment of the different post-disaster housing construction technologies based on the multi-attribute utility theory
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