LTNE effects on a nanofluid layer heated and soluted from below embedded by Darcy medium

Abstract

Thermosolutal convection of a nanofluid layer which is heated underneath with local thermal non-equilibrium (LTNE) effects is investigated by applying one term Galerkin approach and Darcy model. A three-temperature model is applied for considering the impact of LTNE along with Brownian motion and thermophoretic effects to account for nanoparticles. With the addition of LTNE model embedded by porous medium four non-dimensional parameters have come into existence whereas due to the presence of solute two more parameters came into picture. Numerical computations are carried out with software Mathematica and it is observed that the destabilizing influence of nanoparticles is balanced with the stabilizing effect of solute to a large extent. Further effect of solute is to enhance the stability where as there is no significant variation in thermal Rayleigh number due to LTNE effects.