『テュルク・ユルドゥ』(<i>Türk Yurdu</i>) 研究序説

Abstract

The development of Turkish nationalism was one of the prominent phenomena in the Young Turk Era (1908-1918). The Türk Yurdu (Turkish Homeland) was a leading nationalist periodical in the era. Studies on this periodical carried out until now, however, show a serious deficiency; they cannot perceive the difference between the thoughts of two groups who co-operated in publishing the periodical: Ottoman Turks and immigrants from Russia. The latter directed nationalist movements to free themselves from czarist rule prior to their emigration to the Ottoman Empire. Accordingly, Pan-Turkism was a dominant characteristic of their thought. Ottoman Turkish nationalists who issued the Genç Kalernler (Young Pens) and contributed to the Türk Dernegi (Turkish Association) before publishing the Türk Yurdu advocated, in these periodicals, political integration of the Ottoman state, which was denied by Yusuf Akçura, an immigrant, in his 1904 article “Üç Tarz-i Siyaset” (Three Ways of Policy). In this paper, I make a comparison among the articles of these groups.The Türk Yurdu was founded owing to the initiative of the immigrants and Turks under czarist rule. The management was taken by them as well, especially by Akçura. A half of the informations collected in Turkish Affairs (Türklük Süunu) columns of the periodical was concerned with Turks under Russian and Chinese rules. A half of the newspapers whose articles were reproduced in the Press (Matbuat) columns also was published in Russian Empire although numbers of immigrant contributors were not so high. They definitely advocated Pan-Turkism, or national integration of Turks, and rejected the compatibility of Turkish nationalism with Ottomanism.The most urgent problem for Ottoman Turkish nationalists was preserving the political integration of the Ottoman Empire even after the Balkan Wars. Consequently they supported the centralistic Ottomanism. Ziya Gökalp and Fuad Köprülü, for example, emphasized that Turkish nationalism was required for strengthening the integration of the Ottoman state. Moreover, Gökalp regarded Pan-Turkism as an aid for the Ottoman state (Osmanlilik).