Abstract
Purpose: To determine the polyphenolic content of P. dactylifera L. (date palm) bark extract and to investigate its in vitro inhibitory effects on lipid peroxidation in the brain, liver, and kidney tissues of rat, as well as on blood hemolysis in rats. Methods: P. dactylifera L. barks were collected from Ahvaz, (Khuzestan, Iran). Methanolic extract of the P. dactylifera barks were prepared using maceration method. Total phenolic, flavonoid and proanthocyanidin contents were determined by colorimetric methods. The effects of the extract were investigated on thiobarbituric acid reactive substances formation in Fe 2+ /ascorbate induced-lipid peroxidation in brain, liver and kidney tissues of rats. Furthermore, the inhibitory effects of the extracts on erythrocyte hemolysis caused by 2,2'-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (AAPH) were evaluated. Results: Total phenolic, flavonoids and proanthocyanidins contents per each g dry extract of P. dactylifera L. were 50.7 mg tannic acid, 10.38 mg rutin, and 5.45 mg cyanidin, respectively, while halfmaximal inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) for inhibition of lipid peroxidation in brain, liver, and kidney tissues of rats was 3150.71, 1941.45, and 1546.01 μg/mL, respectively, and for the inhibition of erythrocyte hemolysis, it was 472.41 μg/mL. Conclusion: The findings of this study indicate significant anti-lipid peroxidation and anti-hemolytic effects of the bark extract. Therefore, the extract can potentially be used for the in vivo treatment of diseases associated with lipid peroxidation such as cancers and Alzheimer's disease, but further studies are required. Keywords: Phoenix dactylifera , Date palm, Lipid peroxidation, Antioxidant, Erythrocyte hemolysis
Highlights
Free radicals are highly active molecules generated from reactive oxygen species (ROSs), which are produced in different conditions such as exposures to sunlight, ultraviolet ray, and from metabolic processes [1,2]
Antioxidants play an important role on the health of body and through different mechanisms prevent the poisonous effects of free radicals [2]
Different concentrations of P. dactylifera bark extract were used to evaluate its effects on erythrocyte hemolysis in rat (3-850 μg/mL) (Fig. 3)
Summary
Free radicals are highly active molecules generated from reactive oxygen species (ROSs), which are produced in different conditions such as exposures to sunlight, ultraviolet ray, and from metabolic processes [1,2]. The total phenolic content was estimated by the Rats were anesthetized with a combined dose of Folin-Ciocalteu method as follows: 0.5 mL of ketamine/xylazine and their blood samples were collected in heparinized tubes by cardiac puncture. Their brain, liver and kidney were isolated immediately and stored in freezer (-80 oC) to maintain the tissues in fresh condition. The liver, kidney, and brain were analyzed as follows: One gram of tissue was ground in 5 mL of 0.05 M phosphate buffer with pH 6 and the suspension was strained through muslin and 0.1 mL of the resulting compound was added to 3.9 ml of the buffer solution, 0.1 mL sample (0-10 mg/ml), 2 mg ascorbic acid, and 0.01 mg FeSO4 in a 50 ml Erlenmeyer flask and incubated in air for 3 h at 37 oC. The significance level was set as p ≤ 0.05
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