Abstract
Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) with its high speed packet access (HSPA) enhancements is currently being deployed as the primary mobile broadband solution by operators worldwide. To ensure continued competitiveness of the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) family of technologies in the world market, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) is rapidly standardizing the long term evolution (LTE) of UMTS, with significant performance improvement targets compared to HSPA. The fact that LTE is not backwards compatible with HSPA spurned the introduction of the HSPA evolution (HSPA+) effort in 3GPP to protect current operator investments in HSPA. HSPA+ provides a framework for HSPA enhancements with the goal of providing performance similar to LTE in a 5 MHz carrier, while at the same time offering the advantage of backwards compatibility with earlier releases. In this paper, we identify the key technology features of LTE which allow it to meet the desired performance improvements compared to HSPA, and then describe the key features of HSPA+ which allow it to remain competitive with LTE. We examine features at the physical layer, medium access control (MAC) layer, and network architecture layer, as well as provide detailed air interface performance studies.
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