&lt;b&gt;The characteristics, representativeness, function and conservation importance of tropical dry evergreen forest on India’s Coromandel Coast&lt;/b&gt;

Mark Everard

doi:10.11609/jott.2807.10.6.11760-11769

Abstract

The central area of the Coromandel Coast, southeastern India, has been subject to a very long history of human habitation and land use change, substantially reducing the coverage of native forest. There are polarised views about definitive characteristics of native tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEF), albeit agreement that the habitat type is locally characteristic though now severely reduced, fragmented and degraded. A literature review was undertaken to determine the evolutionary origins of TDEF as well as its characteristics. A combination of both natural and human factors gives rise to TDEF, explaining the heterogeneity of existing stands even in close proximity to each other. Religious shrines are often associated with ‘sacred groves’, which are influential in the survival of stands of TDEF. These remaining stands are highly fragmented across the wider landscape and subject to species invasions from adjacent habitats as well as increasing human pressures. On the basis of existing evidence, it is not possible to describe TDEF through a definitive community of tree species, though typical constituent species are listed. TDEF may therefore be representative of a larger biome, as for example ‘tropical rainforest’, rather than a specific vegetation type. Nevertheless, there is general consensus about the importance of restoring TDEF, including its many associated plant and animal species, many of which have medicinal, spiritual and other uses and meanings. Regardless of biological definitions of TDEF, the functions it performs and the diversity of ecosystem services that it provides afford it substantial importance and reinforce the case for its protection and restoration. Successful local restoration activities highlight the feasibility of regeneration of TDEF, even from severely degraded and eroded land, and the associated regeneration of ecological and socio-economic values.

Highlights

The Coromandel Coast comprises the southeastern coastal region of peninsular India seaward of the Eastern Ghats and bordering the Bay of Bengal, between False Divi Point in the north and Kanyakumari (India’s southern tip)
There is a long history of human activity on the Coromandel Coast, ranging back to at least the second century AD based on artefacts from a Roman port near Pondicherry (Begley 1993; Begley et al 1996) and possibly earlier with evidence of trade links with Egypt mediated by Romans (Chandra 2011)
Gadgil & Meher-Homji (1986), in a study identifying localities significant for conservation of Indian biodiversity, developed an alternative classification scheme that included a heterogeneous category of dry evergreen forest spread over a wide range with a gradation of annual rainfall, suggesting a categorisation of tropical dry evergreen forest (TDEF) representative of a larger biome rather than a specific vegetation type

Summary

Introduction

The Coromandel Coast comprises the southeastern coastal region of peninsular India seaward of the Eastern Ghats and bordering the Bay of Bengal, between False Divi Point in the north and Kanyakumari (India’s southern tip).

Results

Conclusion